Ad-Hoc and Wireless Sensor network SHASHIKANT V. ATHAWALE

Higher Ed. and Vocational >> Engineering and Computer Science >> Electronics & Communication >> Electronics & Communication

Ad-Hoc and Wireless Sensor network

Author: SHASHIKANT V. ATHAWALE

ISBN:9789356066137
10 Digit ISBN:9356066132
Price:Rs. 520.00
Pages:352
Imprint:Pearson Education
Binding:Paperback
Status:Available

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"Ad-Hoc and Wireless Sensor network - A book meant for BE, B-Tech, ME, M-Tech, BCA, MCA, BSc, MSc, undergraduate, postgraduates and master's audience with no special computational experiences. This book is written in such a way that all possible topics are covered in order. Though there are many ways to teach a wireless and ad hoc network concept, this book follows a simple fundamentals and basic concept terminology. Despite the widespread use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), there are not many books that focuses on the description of algorithms, performance evaluation, and applications of network management strategies in WSNs. Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Networks addresses the demand by summarizing cutting-edge approaches to network management in addition to more established methods. To help the readers understand wireless sensor ad hoc network concepts, this book includes a variety of features designed to enhance great learning experiences. "

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Table of Content

"Contents Preface xvii Acknowledgements xix About the Author xxi 1. Wireless LANS also PANS 1.1 1.1 Introduction 1.2 1.2 Fundamentals of WLANs 1.2 1.2.1 State Diagram 1.3 1.3 IEEE 802.11 Standards 1.3 1.3.1 802.11 Stalsoatds 1.3 1.3.2 Frames 1.5 1.4 Hiperlan Standard 1.7 1.4.1 Hiperlan 1 Reference Model 1.8 1.4.2 Hiperlan 2 Reference Model 1.8 1.4.3 Example Applications 1.10 1.5 Bluetooth 1.12 1.5.1 What is Bluetooth Personal Area Network (PAN)? 1.13 1.5.2 What is Bluetooth 1.13 1.5.3 Classification 1.13 1.5.4 Application 1.14 1.6 HomeRF 1.14 1.7 Wireless Internet 1.16 1.7.1 Satellite Internet 1.16 1.7.2 Public Wireless Fidelity Networks 1.16 1.7.3 Fixed Wireless Broadband 1.17 1.7.4 Mobile Broadband 1.17 1.8 Mobile IP 1.18 1.8.1 Definition - What does Mobile IP Mean? 1.18 1.8.2 Mobile IP Overview 1.18 1.8.3 Why is Mobile Needed? 1.19 1.8.4 Mobile IP Components 1.20 1.8.5 How Mobile IP Works 1.21 1.8.6 Security 1.25 1.9 TCP in Wireless Domain 1.25 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 5 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM vi Contents 1.10 WAP 1.26 1.10.1 Architecture 1.26 1.10.2 WAP 2.0 1.27 1.10.3 Who is Behind WAP? 1.27 1.10.4 Why is WAP Important? 1.28 1.11 Optimization WB Over Wireless 1.28 1.11.1 Issues in Optimizing Wireless Data Access 1.28 1.11.2 Agent Based Solution 1.29 Summary 1.30 Recommended Reading 1.30 Recommended Web Sites 1.31 Exercise Questions 1.31 2. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 2.1 2.1 Introduction 2.2 2.2 Issues in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 2.2 2.3 Ad Hoc Wireless Network 2.2 2.3.1 Basic Idea 2.2 2.4 MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 2.3 2.5 Issues in Designing a MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 2.6 2.6 Design Goals of a MACA Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 2.7 2.6.1 Contrasts Types 2.7 2.7 Classifications of MAC Protocols 2.7 2.7.1 Sender-initiated Protocols 2.7 2.7.2 Receiver-initiated Protocols 2.7 2.8 Contention Based Protocols 2.8 2.9 Contention Based Protocols with Reservation Mechanisms 2.8 2.9.1 Disseminated Packet Reservation Multiple Access (D-PRMA) Protocol 2.8 2.9.2 Collision Avoidance Time Allocation (CATA) Protocol 2.9 2.9.3 Hop Reservation Multiple Access (HRMA) Protocol 2.9 2.9.4 MACA with Piggy-backed Reservation (MACA/PR) Protocol 2.9 2.10 Contention Based Protocols with Scheduling Mechanism 2.10 2.10.1 Circulated Wireless Ordering Protocol (DWOP) 2.10 2.11 MAC Protocols That Use Directional Antennas 2.11 2.12 Other MAC Protocols 2.11 2.12.1 MMAC: Multi-channel MAC Protocol 2.11 2.12.2 MCSMA: Multi-channel CSMA MAC Protocol 2.12 2.12.3 PCM: Power Control MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks 2.12 2.12.4 RBAR: Receiver-Based Automate Protocol 2.12 2.12.4 ICSMA: Interleaved Carrier-sense Multiple Access Protocol 2.13 Summary 2.13 Recommended Reading 2.13 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 6 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM Contents vii Recommended Web Sites 2.14 Exercise Questions 2.14 3. Routing Protocols 3.1 3.1 Introduction 3.2 3.2 Issues in Designing Routing Protocol of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 3.3 3.3 Classification of Routing Protocols 3.4 3.4 Table Driven Routing Protocols 3.7 3.4.1 Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Algorithm (DSDV) 3.7 3.5 On Demand Routing Protocols 3.8 3.5.1 Reactive Protocols-AODV 3.8 3.6 Hybrid Routing Protocol 3.10 3.6.1 What Does Hybrid Routing Protocol (HRP) Mean? 3.10 3.6.2 Hybrid Routing Protocol (HRP) 3.10 3.7 Routing Protocols with Efficient Flooding Mechanisms 3.11 3.7.1 Introduction 3.11 3.7.2 Mechanism for Efficient Flooding 3.12 3.8 Hierarchical Routing Protocol 3.13 3.8.1 Various Leveled State Routing 3.14 3.9 Power Aware Routing Protocols 3.14 3.10 Transport Layer and Security Protocols 3.16 3.10.1 Introduction 3.16 3.11 Issues in Designing Transport Layer Protocol of Ad Wireless Networks 3.17 3.12 Design Goals of Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 3.18 3.13 Classification of Transport Layer Schemes 3.19 3.14 TCP Over Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 3.19 3.15 Other Transport Layer Protocol of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 3.21 3.15.1 Design Goals 3.21 3.15.2 Other Transport Layer Protocol 3.22 3.16 Security in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 3.23 3.16.1 Issues and Challenges in Security Provisioning 3.23 3.17 Network Security Requirements 3.24 3.18 Issues and Challenges in Security Provisioning 3.26 3.19 Network Security Attacks 3.27 3.19.1 Transport Layer Attacks 3.27 3.19.2 Application Layer Attacks 3.27 3.19.3 Different Attacks 3.28 3.20 Key Management 3.28 3.21 Secure Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 3.29 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 7 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM viii Contents Summary 3.30 Recommended Reading 3.30 Recommended Web Sites 3.31 Exercise Questions 3.31 4. Quality of Service 4.1 4.1 Introduction 4.2 4.1.1 Reliability 4.2 4.1.2 Delay 4.2 4.1.3 Jitter 4.2 4.1.4 Bandwidth 4.3 4.2 Problems and Challenges in Provision of QoS in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 4.3 4.2.1 Network Geography with Dynamic Factors 4.3 4.2.2 Loose State Data 4.3 4.2.3 Absence of Focal Coordination 4.3 4.2.4 Shared Radio Channel Subject to Mistakes 4.4 4.2.5 Secret Terminal Issue 4.4 4.2.6 Restricted Asset Accessibility 4.4 4.2.7 Unreliable Medium 4.4 4.3 Classification of QoS Solution 4.4 4.3.1 Characterizations of QoS Approaches 4.4 4.4 MAC Layer Solutions 4.5 4.4.1 Group TDMA 4.5 4.4.2 IEEE 802.11e 4.6 4.4.3 IEEE 802.11 MAC Convention 4.6 4.4.4 QoS Support Instruments of IEEE 802.11e 4.6 4.4.5 DBASE 4.6 4.5 Network Layer Solution 4.7 4.5.1 QoS Directing Conventions 4.7 4.5.2 Ticket Based QoS Directing Convention 4.7 4.5.3 Prescient Area Based QoS Directing Convention 4.7 4.5.4 Trigger Based Appropriated QoS Steering Convention 4.8 4.5.5 QoS Empowered Impromptu on Request Distance Vector Steering Convention 4.8 4.5.6 Data Transfer Capacity Directing Convention 4.8 4.5.7 On Request QoS Directing Convention 4.8 4.5.8 On Request Connect State Multi Way QoS Directing Convention 4.9 4.6 QoS Frameworks of Ad Hoc Networks 4.9 4.6.1 Routing Convention 4.9 4.6.2 QoS Asset Reservation Flagging 4.9 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 8 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM Contents ix 4.6.3 Confirmation Check 4.9 4.6.4 Bundle Booking 4.9 4.7 Energy Management 4.10 4.7.1 Introduction 4.10 4.8 Need for Energy Management in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks 4.10 4.8.1 Restricted Energy Hold 4.10 4.8.2 Challenges in Supplanting Batteries 4.10 4.8.3 Absence of Focal Coordination 4.10 4.8.4 Restrictions on Battery Source 4.11 4.8.5 Selection of Ideal Transmission Power 4.11 4.9 Classification of Energy Management Schemes 4.11 4.10 Battery Management Schemes 4.12 4.10.1 Data Management Layer Battery Management 4.12 4.10.2 Management of Layered Network Battery 4.12 4.11 Transmission Power Management 4.13 4.11.1 Information Interface Level 4.13 4.11.2 Network Layer 4.13 4.12 Framework Power Executives 4.14 Summary 4.14 Recommended Reading 4.14 Recommended Web Sites 4.15 Exercise Questions 4.15 5. Mesh Networks 5.1 5.1 Necessity for Mesh Networks 5.2 5.2 MAC Enhancements 5.3 5.2.1 Airtime Routing Metric 5.4 5.2.2 Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) 5.5 5.2.3 Radio Aware Optimized Link State Routing (RA-OLSR) 5.6 5.3 IEEE 802.11s Architecture 5.7 5.3.2 Architectural Outline 5.9 5.4 Opportunistic Routing 5.12 5.4.1 Advantages of Opportunistic Routing 5.13 5.4.2 Challenges for Opportunistic Routing 5.13 5.4.3 Issues in Opportunistic Routing 5.14 5.4.4 Opportunistic Routing Analytical Models 5.14 5.5 Self Configuration and Auto Configuration 5.16 5.6 Capacity Models 5.19 5.7 Fairness 5.20 5.8 Heterogeneous Mesh Network 5.21 5.8.1 Introduction 5.21 5.8.2 System Model 5.24 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 9 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM x Contents 5.9 Vehicular Mesh Network 5.25 5.9.1 Introduction 5.25 5.10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Mesh Topology 5.30 5.10.1 Advantages 5.30 5.10.2 Burdens 5.30 Summary 5.31 Recommended Reading 5.31 Recommended Web Sites 5.31 Exercise Questions 5.32 6. Wireless Sensor Networks 6.1 6.1 Introduction 6.2 6.2 Challenges for Wireless Sensor Networks 6.2 6.2.2 Comparison of Sensor Network (WSN) With Ad Hoc Network (MANET) 6.4 6.3 Data Dissemination 6.4 6.3.1 The Data Link Layer Protocols 6.4 6.4 Data Gathering 6.5 6.4.1 Error Detection and Correction 6.5 6.4.2 Parity Bits 6.6 6.4.3 Single Bit Error Correction 6.6 6.4.4 Hamming Developed a Code That Meets This Lower Limit 6.7 6.4.5 CRC Checksums 6.8 6.5 MAC Protocols for Sensor Networks 6.10 6.5.1 Length Count 6.10 6.5.2 Inconvenience 6.10 6.5.3 Bit Stuffing 6.10 6.5.4 Character Stuffing 6.11 6.5.5 Encoding Violations 6.11 6.6 Location Discovery 6.11 6.6.1 Usefulness 6.12 6.7 Quality of a Sensor Network 6.14 6.7.1 QoS Some Challenges in Sensor Networks 6.14 6.8 Evolving Standards 6.16 6.9 Other Issues 6.16 6.9.1 Restricted Energy Hold 6.16 6.9.2 Hardships in Supplanting the Batteries 6.17 6.9.3 Lack of Central Coordination 6.17 6.9.4 Limitations on the Battery Source 6.17 6.9.5 Choice of Ideal Transmission Power 6.17 6.10 Energy Consumption of Sensor Nodes 6.17 6.11 Network Architecture Sensor Network Scenarios 6.18 6.12 Types of Sources and Sinks 6.19 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 10 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM Contents xi 6.13 Single Hop Versus Multi Hop Networks 6.20 6.13.1 One Normal Issue 6.20 6.13.2 Choice 6.20 6.14 Multiple Sinks and Sources 6.21 6.15 Design Principles 6.23 6.16 Development of Wireless Sensor Networks-WINS 6.25 6.16.1 WINS Network Architecture 6.25 6.16.2 WINS Node Architecture 6.26 6.17 MAMPS Underwater Acoustic and Deep Space Networks 6.27 6.18 Key Properties Expect from a Good WSN Simulator 6.29 6.18.1 Support Reusability and Accessibility 6.29 6.18.2 Execution and Adaptability 6.30 6.18.3 Graphical UIs (GUI), Troubleshoot and Follow Support 6.30 6.19 Applications for WSNS 6.31 Summary 6.33 Recommended Reading 6.34 Recommended Web Sites 6.34 Exercise Questions 6.35 7. Physical Layer 7.1 7.1 Introduction Wireless Channel and Communication Fundamentals 7.2 7.2 Frequency Allocation Modulation and Demodulation 7.2 7.3 Wave Propagation Effects and Noise 7.4 7.4 Channels Models 7.6 7.4.1 Advanced Channel Models 7.7 7.4.2 Simple Channel Models 7.7 7.4.3 Sorts of Correspondences Channels 7.8 7.4.4 Channel Portrayal Measures 7.8 7.5 Spread Spectrum Communication 7.8 7.5.1 Spread Spectrum Telecommunications 7.10 7.5.2 Benefits and Applications Spread Spectrum Communication 7.11 7.6 Packet Transmission and Synchronization 7.12 7.7 Quality of Wireless Channels and Measures for Improvement 7.13 7.7.1 Where Does Your Switch Reside? 7.14 7.7.2 Impedance 7.14 7.7.3 Your Wireless Channel 7.14 7.8 Physical Layer and Transceiver Design Consideration in Wireless Sensor Networks 7.15 7.8.1 Where Does Your Switch Reside? 7.15 7.8.2 Impedance 7.16 7.8.3 Your Wireless Channel 7.16 7.8.4 Some Handset Plan Contemplations 7.16 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 11 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM xii Contents 7.9 Energy Usage Profile 7.17 7.10 Choice of Modulation 7.18 7.10.1 Direct Modulation 7.19 7.10.2 Nonlinear Modulation 7.19 7.10.3 Analog Regulation 7.19 7.10.4 Double Tone Multi-Recurrence-DTMF 7.21 7.10.5 Beat Balance Strategies 7.21 7.10.6 Normal Sorts of Adjustment 7.22 7.10.7 Benefits of Tweak 7.23 7.10.8 Recurrence Balance (FM) 7.24 7.10.9 Stage Regulation (PM) 7.26 7.11 Power Management 7.27 7.11.1 Power Management Techniques 7.29 7.11.2 Ebb and Flow Research Efforts 7.29 7.11.3 Power Aware Routing 7.29 7.11.4 Rest Scheduling 7.30 Summary 7.30 Recommended Reading 7.31 Recommended Web Sites 7.31 Exercise Questions 7.32 8. Data Link Layer 8.1 8.1 Introduction 8.2 8.1.1 The Data Link Layer 8.2 8.1.2 Information Link Layer Design Issues 8.2 8.1.3 Functionalities 8.2 8.2 MAC Protocol 8.3 8.3 Fundamentals of Wireless MAC Protocols 8.3 8.3.1 Unacknowledged Association Less Assistance 8.4 8.3.2 Recognized Association Less Help 8.4 8.3.3 Association Situated Assistance 8.4 8.4 Low Duty Cycle 8.4 8.5 Contention Based Protocols 8.5 8.5.1 Model 8.6 8.5.2 CSMA with Collision Detection 8.6 8.5.3 CSMA with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) 8.6 8.6 Schedule Based Protocols 8.7 8.7 Link Layer Protocols 8.8 8.8 Fundamental Tasks and Requirements 8.8 8.8.1 Intelligent Connection Control Sub Layer 8.9 8.8.2 Media Access Control Sub Layer 8.9 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 12 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM Contents xiii 8.9 Error Control 8.10 8.9.1 Mistake Detection and Correction 8.11 8.9.2 Equality Bits 8.12 8.9.3 Single-Bit Error Correction 8.12 8.9.4 Hamming Has Made a Code That Meets This Lower Limit 8.12 8.9.5 Error Detection 8.14 8.9.6 CRC Standard 8.15 8.10 Framing 8.16 8.10.1 Length Count 8.17 8.10.2 Impediment 8.17 8.10.3 Bit Stuffing 8.17 8.10.4 Character Stuffing 8.18 8.10.5 Encoding Violations 8.18 8.11 Flow Control 8.18 8.11.1 Pause and Wait Flow Control 8.19 8.11.2 Sliding Window Flow Control 8.19 8.11.3 Sending Window 8.19 8.11.4 Getting Window 8.19 8.12 Link Management 8.19 8.12.1 Functionality 8.20 8.12.2 Models 8.21 Summary 8.22 Recommended Reading 8.22 Recommended Web Sites 8.22 Exercise Questions 8.23 9. Network Layer 9.1 9.1 Gossiping and Agent Based Unicast Forwarding 9.2 9.1.1 Remote Multicast Advantage 9.2 9.1.2 Randomized Forwarding 9.2 9.2 Energy Efficient Unicast 9.3 9.2.1 Most Extreme Absolute Accessible Battery Limit 9.3 9.2.2 Least Battery Cost Steering (MBCR) 9.4 9.2.3 Min Max Battery Cost Routing (MMBCR) 9.4 9.2.4 Conditional Max Min Battery Capacity Routing 9.5 9.2.5 Limit Change in Power Levels 9.5 9.3 Broadcast and Multicast 9.6 9.3.1 Unicast 9.6 9.3.2 Broadcast 9.6 9.3.3 Multicast 9.7 9.3.4 Broadcasting 9.8 9.3.5 Multicasting 9.9 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 13 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM xiv Contents 9.3.6 Ethernet Addressing 9.9 9.3.7 IP Addressing 9.9 9.4 Geographic Routing 9.9 9.4.1 Presumptions 9.10 9.5 Mobile Nodes 9.11 9.6 Data-Centric and Content Based Networking 9.12 9.6.1 Foundation 9.12 9.7 Data-Centric Routing 9.13 9.7.1 Fundamental Models 9.14 9.7.2 One Shot Collaborations 9.14 9.7.3 Turn (Sensor Protocol for Data by Means of Negotiation) 9.15 9.7.4 Repeated Directions 9.15 9.8 Data Aggregation 9.15 9.9 Data Centric Storage 9.16 9.10 Higher Layer Design Issues 9.18 9.10.1 Network Layer 9.18 9.10.2 Natives for the Connectionless Help 9.20 9.10.3 Information Connect Layer Configuration Issues 9.20 9.10.4 Information Link Layer Design Concerns 9.21 9.10.5 Administrations Provided to the Network Layer 9.21 Summary 9.22 Recommended Reading 9.22 Recommended Web Sites 9.23 Exercise Questions 9.23 10. Case Study, Implementation Issues and Applications 10.1 10.1 Target Detection Tracking 10.2 10.2 Habitat Monitoring 10.2 10.3 Sensor Network Programming Challenges 10.3 10.4 Environmental Disaster Monitoring 10.4 10.4.1 Examination of Scenario 10.5 10.4.2 Determination of Geophysical Sensors 10.7 10.4.3 Arrangement of Geophysical Sensors 10.8 10.5 Practical Implementation Issues 10.8 10.5.1 So What's a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)? 10.9 10.5.2 Various Issues 10.10 10.6 IEEE 802.15.4 Low Rate WPAN 10.10 10.6.1 Convention Design 10.11 10.6.2 The Actual Layer 10.11 10.6.3 The MAC Layer 10.12 10.6.4 Higher Layers 10.12 10.6.5 Topologies 10.12 F01 Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Prelims.indd 14 04-Aug-22 10:55:08 AM Contents xv 10.7 Sensor Network Platforms and Tools Sensor Node Hardware 10.14 10.8 Node Level Software Platforms 10.15 10.9 Node Level Simulators 10.15 10.9.1 Sensor Hub Model 10.16 10.9.2 Correspondence Model 10.16 10.9.3 Actual Climate Model 10.16 10.9.4 Measurements and Visualization 10.16 10.10 Berkley Motes 10.18 10.10.1 Hardware Used 10.18 10.10.2 Why Motes? 10.18 10.11 Embedded Operating System 10.19 10.11.1 Presentation 10.19 10.11.2 QNX 4 RTOS 10.20 10.11.3 Inserted Linux 10.20 10.11.4 Windows CE 10.20 10.11.5 Correlation 10.20 10.11.6 Processor 10.21 10.11.7 Memory 10.21 10.12 Applications of Ad Hoc/Sensor Network and Future Directions 10.23 10.12.1 Applications of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 10.23 10.13 Ultra Wide Band Radio Communication 10.24 10.13.1 Fundamental Ideas 10.24 10.13.2 Benefits and Inconveniences 10.25 10.13.3 FCC UWB Definition 10.25 10.14 Wireless Fidelity Systems 10.26 10.14.1 Introduction 10.26 Summary 10.28 Recommended Reading 10.28 Recommended Web Sites 10.29 Exercise Questions 10.29 Appendix A Sensors Classification A.1 Appendix B WSN Simulation Software A.3 Appendix C Why Use WSNs A.5 Appendix D Research Challenges A.7 Glossary G.1 References R.1 "

Salient Features

"• Figures and Tables: Numerous figures give you multidimensional view to understand concepts. Tables provides a detailed and a comparative view of the topic making it easy to grasp • Summary: At the end of each chapter gives a brief overview of topics and lets the readers to quickly recall important points and enhances the modern teaching and learning methods • Recommended Reading: For readers to enhance their learning and understandings, they can refer the recommended reading for more details mentioned at the end of every chapter • Recommended websites: Nowadays various web pages are the major source and medium to understand the basic concepts and topics, hence Recommended websites plays a vital role • Multiple choices Question: To test skills, to experience deep understanding of topic and to check critical analytical reasoning skill with close answer sets "