Revisiting Modern European History complements the first edited volume Themes in Modern European History: Social Movements and Cultural Currents 1789-1945. The two together offer changing perspectives and comprehensive surveys of some of the most profound events and processes of modern European history. While the first volume dealt with modern movements, revolutions and cultural developments, the present volume looks at these transformations through the lens of gender, race, class and nation. It revisits the grand narrative of modern Europe in which Europe is depicted as the fulcrum of universal enlightenment, progress, growth, improvement and prosperity.